Doctoral Research by Dr. Shadi Mehrabi

Where Do I Belong?

Many international students leave war and crisis behind, only to meet new barriers in places they hoped would offer safety and belonging.

Belonging Campus is a research‑informed storytelling initiative that makes visible the experiences of international students affected by war, displacement, and political instability, and is growing into a platform for connection, support, and institutional change.

Research at a Glance

8

students · Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Syria

4

countries shaped by war, sanctions, and displacement

3

universities · UAlberta · UBC · SFU

Why We Exist

International students contribute knowledge, innovation, and cultural exchange. For those shaped by war, displacement, or political instability, studying abroad also means carrying realities that often remain invisible in university systems.

Behind strong grades there may be worry for family in unstable regions, memories of conflict, sanctions‑related hardship, and the work of rebuilding a sense of home.

We exist to make these experiences visible and to help universities respond with understanding, care, and more inclusive forms of belonging.

What We Do

Amplify Student Experiences

We create space for students affected by war and conflict to share what they are living and to be heard.

Build Community

We connect students who are moving through similar experiences of displacement, transition, and rebuilding.

Inform Universities

We turn research into practical insights that help institutions support students affected by global crises.

“You left your home because you wanted to be safe. Then you came here and got involved in daily struggles as an international student. You can’t get back there and can’t stay here. It’s like a dead end.”

— Farooq, Iraqi student

The Research Is Complete. The Work Begins.

We are transforming doctoral research into a platform that supports students, informs universities, and helps build more inclusive systems of belonging.

Research

Middle Eastern International Students' Identity in Canada

A doctoral dissertation by Dr. Shadi Mehrabi

The Research Behind Belonging Campus

Doctoral research on how international students affected by conflict or displacement navigate identity and belonging while studying in Canada. The study examined identity at the intersections of race, ethnicity, class, religion, and gender through narrative interviews at three universities.

Participants 8 international students
Regions Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Syria
Methodology Narrative interviews and interpretive case study analysis

Conflict does not disappear when students cross borders. Students often remain emotionally connected to events in their home regions while navigating academic life in Canada. Recognizing this helps universities support international students in ways that reflect what they are actually carrying.

The Core Questions

Q1

How is Canada, as a place, at work in the ongoing dynamic process of a Middle Eastern international student's construction of identity?

Q2

How has each student, as a Middle Easterner, experienced being an international student in Canada?

Q3

How has a Middle Eastern international student's experience of war and conflict in their home country affected their life experiences in Canada?

A Note on Scope

This study documents the discrimination Middle Eastern international students experience in Canada — through policy, everyday interactions, and how they are perceived — regardless of their personal relationship to religion. It does not defend any political system or ideology. It documents what participants reported and how those experiences shaped their sense of belonging, safety, and identity.

The Researcher’s Position

This research was not conducted from the outside. Dr. Shadi Mehrabi is an Iranian international student whose life in Canada was shaped by the same forces this study examines: sanctions, discrimination, and being perceived through a political lens. Those experiences became the catalyst for this work and continue to shape how the findings are shared through Belonging Campus.

How the Research Sees Identity

Power & Perception

Drawing on Edward Said’s work, the research examines how Western societies construct “us” vs “them” narratives about the Middle East — and how those narratives shape real lives.

Place & Belonging

Where you are shapes who you become. Displacement disrupts your sense of self and feeling of home.

Identity as Lived Experience

Identity is real, shaped by experience, and open to change — constructed, but not arbitrary.

Interpretation & Collaboration

Each student’s story was interpreted in partnership with them — not imposed from outside, but built from shared understanding.

How We Honored Eight Voices

Stories demand to be heard in full. Two participants from each country — Iran, Iraq, Palestine, and Syria — chose to share theirs. Here's how we listened.

Iran Iraq Palestine Syria

8 students · 4 countries · 3 universities (UAlberta, UBC, SFU)

1

The Conversations

Conversational interviews (2–3 one-hour sessions per participant) gathered deep narrative data.

2

The Portraits

Narrative portraits clustered stories, traced patterns, and interpreted meaning in dialogue with each student.

3

The Themes

From these portraits, six key themes emerged, capturing how war, displacement, and life in Canada intersect.

Key Findings

What the Stories Reveal

Six interconnected themes emerged from the narratives of eight Middle Eastern international students studying in Canada.

01

War Never Stops Following You

Fear, anxiety, and trauma of conflict remained embedded in their identities. The discourse of war shaped who they are and how they experience life in Canada.

“The war was moving with me, wherever I went… suddenly I found myself trapped in the fear and stress of war and conflict even in Canada.”
02

Displacement Disrupts the Sense of Self

Constant movement severed established activities, relationships, and routines. Leaving home took something that "belonged" to them.

“It's like I left that part of me there and can't have it again because I don't have the same reasons, the same resources, and the same site.”
03

The Orientalist Discourse in Canada

Sanctions, discriminatory policies, and rhetoric labeled their culture negatively. Students found their identities confined by reductive stereotypes.

“When a Muslim individual kills someone it's called terrorist attack and all Muslims' lives get affected. But when a white person kills a group of people, they call him an individual with mental problems.”
04

Being "Othered" — In Two Forms

Othering occurred indirectly (media, policy, discourse) and directly (verbal assaults, discrimination). Women in hijab and men with beards were disproportionately targeted.

“Some old man whispered in my ear: 'ISIS in Canada.' Isn't it a hate crime? Unfortunately this is how people think about a Middle Eastern bearded man.”
05

Hybrid Identity as Survival

Students adopted a "third space" — a hybrid identity between Middle Eastern and Canadian. This wasn't assimilation but conscious borderland living.

“I thought with myself it's actually good to feel Canadian sometimes. We don't need to leave out our culture to feel like Canadian. Now I feel like I'm neither this nor that, or somehow this somehow that.”
06

The Unending Search for Home

Students experienced "unhomeliness" — not homeless, but never fully at home. Temporary visa status intensified this anxiety.

“We came here with hopes and dreams. We have fought for what we have now. Enough is enough, I'm done with displacement and resettlement.”

The Central Insight

Identity for these students is not fixed. It is shaped by the ongoing negotiation between who they know themselves to be and how they are seen — between personal history and political context, between the desire to belong and the reality of being labeled as “other.”

Faced with these pressures, every student in the study adopted a hybrid identity — a third, in-between space where they feel safer and more integrated. Not assimilation. Survival.

Their Stories

Eight Voices, Four Countries, One Shared Search

Meet the students whose stories reveal what it means to build a life between worlds.

Each story moves between a homeland and Canada — between memories of war and hopes for peace, between being labeled as “other” and the fight to be recognized as whole. These are their voices.

Participant names are pseudonyms. Eight students took part in the research; Nada and Farooq, siblings from Baghdad, chose to share one story together. The stories come from doctoral research conducted at Canadian universities.

Behind every international student application is a life story. For some students, that story includes war, displacement, and political instability. These narratives reflect the realities of studying abroad while life is still shaped by events across borders — not only hardship, but also resilience, courage, and the search for belonging.

Choose a voice to begin

Why Stories Matter

Stories make invisible experiences visible. While research can map patterns, personal narratives reveal how global events shape the everyday lives of students studying far from home. Listening to these voices helps universities and communities better understand what some international students are navigating while pursuing education abroad. Belonging Campus exists to create space for these voices and to connect them with communities of understanding and support.

The Researcher’s Story

I came to this research as someone who grew up in Tehran under sanctions and political pressure, and later arrived in Canada as an international student.

I expected those pressures to end at the border; instead, I met new forms of exclusion and assumptions about who I was.

Listening to these eight students was not distant work. Their stories resonated with my own experience of rebuilding a life while still tied to events elsewhere.

Belonging Campus is my way of honouring that trust and making sure these stories shape how universities understand belonging and responsibility.

Your Story Matters Too

Have you studied abroad while your home region was experiencing conflict or instability? You are not alone, and your experience could help others feel less isolated.

We would like to listen. Reach out by email — we read every message and respond personally, and nothing is ever shared without your permission.

Implications & Recommendations

What Needs to Change

What universities, communities, and individuals can do to create spaces where every student belongs.

What the Research Revealed

Conflict does not end at the border. Students carry it with them — in anxiety about family back home, in the weight of sanctions on their bank accounts, in the way a stranger’s comment on a train can undo years of feeling safe. Universities see international students. This research sees what those students are carrying.

Every student in the study described education as a pathway to stability. Every one of them also described moments when the institution around them had no idea what they were going through. The gap between what universities assume is hard about studying abroad and what is actually hard is where students fall through.

Where Institutions Can Act

Student Wellbeing Culturally responsive counseling and mental health services that recognize the emotional weight of ongoing conflict in students’ home regions.
Community & Belonging Programs that build peer connections and inclusive spaces — not orientation-week gestures, but sustained support that acknowledges belonging takes time.
Institutional Awareness Recognizing that global events shape campus life. When a region enters crisis, students from that region are already in the classroom.
Research & Policy Evidence-based policies at the intersection of conflict, displacement, and international education — not assumptions, but data.

Specific Recommendations

The recommendations below draw directly from the doctoral research. They are starting points for universities, communities, and individuals ready to move beyond awareness toward action.

University internationalization policy must move beyond recruitment and tuition revenue to address the multi-layered process of student integration — one that is shaped by each student’s background, negotiated daily, and often contested.

  • Examine hidden power dynamics in internationalization policies — ask whose experiences are centered, whose are overlooked, and how race, class, and gender shape the student experience.
  • See students, not revenue — move beyond treating international students primarily as income sources toward recognizing them as individuals deserving of safe, inclusive spaces.
  • Close the belonging gap between what institutions assume is challenging for international students and what is actually experienced.
  • Address stereotypes and power dynamics — replace symbolic gestures with substantive engagement of racialized students in campus life and decision-making.
  • Tell your own story — build institutional narratives that honestly acknowledge the double burden of being both an international student and a racialized minority.

“The task of intercultural dialogue would be to bring forth a shared minimum ethos… The essential aim is to go beyond simple respect and tolerance of the other and to reach out for other cultures and seek to know them better.”

— Ramin Jahanbegloo

Ready to see how we’re acting on this?

These findings point somewhere. See what we’re building to act on them.

What We’re Building

What we’re building from here

The research is done and the stories are told. Now we are building what makes them matter beyond this website.

From findings → to implications → to the platform we’re building together.

Today, Belonging Campus is a storytelling initiative that makes research and lived experiences visible. This page describes how we’re growing into a broader platform for connection, support, and institutional change.

Why Now

The doctoral research behind Belonging Campus was completed in 2018 at the University of Alberta. In the years since, the world has only made its findings more urgent: ongoing displacement from Syria, escalating crises affecting Palestinian and Iraqi communities, continued sanctions on Iran, and growing anti-immigrant rhetoric in countries that once positioned themselves as safe harbors.

This website is the first step — making the research and these students’ voices accessible. The next step is building something students can actually use.

What We’re Building

Belonging Campus will be an online platform where international students navigating education during times of conflict can find each other, share experiences, and access support.

  • A storytelling space where students submit and read personal narratives, moderated and consent‑based.
  • A peer directory connecting students who share similar backgrounds, so they can find someone who understands.
  • A resource library curated for students from conflict‑affected regions: mental health services, legal guidance, financial support, and university programs that actually help.

“The way the world treats Arab people makes them hate who they are and where they come from. While my brother is ashamed of being an Arab, I have found myself grounded. I know what I want and value the culture and the place I come from.”

— Sarah, Syrian student
Phase 2

Research & Insights

Turn community experiences into evidence universities can act on through belonging surveys, reports, and data on what helps students feel safe and supported.

Estimated cost: $10,000–$20,000

Phase 3

University Partnerships

Bring the research into institutions with toolkits for student services, faculty workshops, and partnerships with universities ready to change how they support students from conflict‑affected regions.

Estimated cost: $15,000–$30,000

Who Is This For?

Students

Share experiences and help shape the platform.

Universities

Pilot Belonging Campus and improve support.

Partners

Fund and collaborate to grow the platform.

How You Can Help

Belonging Campus grows through collaboration. Here is what we need right now.

Students

Share your experiences. Give feedback as we build. Help us understand what a platform like this should actually look like from the inside.

Universities

Connect us with students who would benefit. Share what your institution already does — and where the gaps are. Pilot the platform with us.

Researchers

Collaborate on expanding the research. Help design belonging surveys. Contribute insights from your own work on displacement, migration, and student wellbeing.

Funders & Partners

Phase 1 starts at $8,000. Foundations, universities, and individuals can fund platform development, student storytelling, and community building. Every dollar goes to making this real.

Get in touch

Whether you’re a student who sees yourself in these stories, a university that wants to do better, or someone who can help fund Phase 1 — we’d like to hear from you.